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Objectives: The current cross-sectional study intended to provide a comparative evaluation of nutritional status in the intensive care unit (ICU)-hospitalized patients according to the reasons for admission. Methodology: A total of 258 patients hospitalized for >24-hour in the ICU between February 2020-July 2021 were included. The subjects were categorized into five categories: burned injury (n=27), COVID-19 or other respiratory disorders (n=64), post coronary artery bypass graft surgery (post-CABG) (n=50), trauma (n=57), and miscellaneous causes (n=60). A modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score was applied to explore the nutritional status of the patients. Results: On average, the patients were 58 +/- 16 years old that 46% (n=119) of them were females. The mean +/- SD of mNUTRIC score among patients with burned 2 +/- 1 and COVID-19 or other respiratory disorders 2 +/- 1 tended to be significantly lower than the others, including post-CABG 3 +/- 0 and patients with miscellaneous causes 3 +/- 2 (p-value=0.001). According to mNUTRIC score classifications, the majority of those who were transferred to ICU with burn or COVID-19 or other respiratory disorders were at low nutritional risk (mNUTRIC score:0-<3) (66.70%, and 67.20%, respectively);whereas relatively all post CABG subjects were at intermediate nutritional risk (mNUTRIC score:3-<5) (n= 48, 96.00%). A greater proportion of subjects in the miscellaneous category (n=12, 20.00%) were at high nutritional risk (mNUTRIC score:5-9) (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: It was revealed that approximately all post CABG and those admitted to ICU with miscellaneous causes were at a higher risk for impaired nutritional status and may require more in-depth evaluation for providing earlier nutritional support.
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Background: One of the most common symptoms of COVID-19 infection is Olfactory Dysfunction (OD). Objectives: This study aims to investigate OD and phantosmia in COVID-19 cases from northern Iran. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were 400 patients with COVID-19 infection in Rasht, Iran from March 2019 to September 2020. All the patients were evaluated in terms of OD and then followed up for 3 months face-to-face, by telephone call, or online. Results: Among 400 patients, 37.75% had OD (19% hyposmia, 10.75% primary phantosmia, and 8% anosmia) during the initiation of the disease, but 121 (30.25%) including nearly 65% of anosmic and/or hyposmic cases reported phantosmia at different time intervals of followup visits. Moreover, 65.38% of patients reported acute onset of OD. The prevalence of OD was significantly higher in patients aged <40 years (P=0.001) and in females (P=0.002). OD improved in about 90% of patients within 3 months. Peripheral oxygen saturation was better in anosmic cases and C-reactive protein level was higher in normosmic cases at their first visit. No significant difference was found in terms of other laboratory results. Conclusion: OD is a common complication of COVID-19 infection, but seems not to be permanent. It is more common in young patients, females, and those with mild COVID-19 infection. © 2022. Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Published by Guilan University of Medical Sciences
RESUMEN
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been introduced by the World Health Organization as a pandemic and emergency for human health. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients infected with COVID-19 in Guilan Province, Iran. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1,000 patients with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to six hospitals in Guilan Province, Iran, from April 13 to June 14, 2020. This study evaluated the patients' clinical information, demographic characteristics, laboratory results, and chest computed tomography scans. Results: The mean age of the patients was obtained at 55±1.3 years, and the majority (n=800;80%) of the cases were male. Furthermore, most patients had underlying diseases, including respiratory system disease (n=173;17.3%), cardiovascular disease (n=711;71.1%), and malignancy (n=146;14.6%). Some of the most common causes of infection with coronavirus were being in crowded places (n=733;73.3%), close contact with an infected person (n=370;82.2%), possession of pets (n=107;23.2%), and family gatherings (n=822;82.2%). In addition, the most common clinical symptoms in patients included fever (n=911;91.1%), cough (n=900;90%), and dyspnea or shortness of breath (n=889;88.9%). Other less common symptoms were diarrhea (n=160;16%), vomiting (n=168;16.8%), and headache (n=217;21.7%). Dyspnea was developed in 889 patients (88.9%), and 660 (66%) cases had increased leucocytes. Conclusion: Coronavirus would cause mild to fatal pneumonia in patients. Therefore, early detection and treatment is of significant importance for these patients. Timely treatment of this disease could reduce the severity of the symptoms and prevent further spread of the disease.